Copyright © 2025 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{184957,
        author = {Akshay Dogra and Jatinder Kaur and Gajanand Sharma and Anil Thakur and Sunil Bharti and O.P. Katare and Poonam Kumari},
        title = {Physicochemical Characterization of Aceclofenac-Loaded Liposomes by Multimodal Analysis: Elucidating Structure, Stability and Drug-Lipid Interactions},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {4},
        pages = {3993-4008},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=184957},
        abstract = {Liposomal drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising nanocarrier system to enhance treatment efficacy, stability and bioavailability of pharmaceutical agents. Liposomes reduce systemic toxicity through their unique bilayered vesicular structure, which enables them to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, allowing for controlled and targeted release of the drugs. The precise formulation and detailed analytical characterization of these vesicular systems are crucial for understanding their performance and functionality. This study aims to evaluate the liposomal system through various advanced instrumentation tools systematically. Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication and it is extensively used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. In this research work, Liposomes were formulated using the thin film hydration technique, which is a widely accepted method for generating uniform and size-controlled vesicles. The key analytical parameters including particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential were determined using Dynamic Light Scattering. Surface morphology, vesicle structure, and lamellarity were examined through High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Optical Microscopy. Similarly, Molecular interactions and confirmation of drug encapsulation were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Furthermore, Thermal characteristics were evaluated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry, while crystallinity was assessed by X-ray Diffraction. Encapsulation efficiency was quantified through ultracentrifugation followed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Additionally, in-vitro drug release studies were conducted to monitor release kinetics using validated analytical protocols. This study will primarily contribute to the instrumentation driven analytical assessment of liposomal drug delivery systems by applying advanced characterization techniques to evaluate nanocarriers.},
        keywords = {Aceclofenac, Controlled release, Drug-lipid interactions, DSC, Encapsulation efficiency, FESEM, FTIR, In-vitro release kinetics, Liposomal drug delivery, Nanocarriers, NMR, Physicochemical characterization, Thin film hydration, TEM and XRD.},
        month = {September},
        }