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@article{187980,
        author = {Ms. Vaishnavi D. Nikam and Mr. Mahendra M. Khandare},
        title = {Eco-Friendly Catalysis: Pathways Toward Sustainable Chemical Transformations},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {150-159},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=187980},
        abstract = {The pursuit of sustainable chemical processes has become a central focus within modern chemistry, driven by the urgent need to minimize environmental impact while maintaining high efficiency and economic viability. Eco-friendly catalysis represents a transformative approach that aligns with the principles of green chemistry, enabling cleaner, safer, and more energy-efficient chemical transformations. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of emerging catalytic pathways that promote sustainability, including biocatalysis, photocatalysis, organocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, and nano-enabled catalytic systems. Each of these catalytic platforms offers unique advantages such as improved selectivity, reduced waste generation, lower reaction temperatures, and the utilization of renewable feedstocks. Special emphasis is placed on the development of metal-free catalysts, enzyme-mediated transformations, solar-driven catalytic processes, and recyclable solid catalysts that significantly reduce the reliance on toxic reagents and energy-intensive conditions.
The mechanistic insights, current advancements, and comparative efficiencies of these systems are discussed to highlight their potential in replacing conventional catalytic methods. Furthermore, the review explores the integration of computational modelling and machine-learning tools, which are increasingly being employed to design next-generation catalysts with superior performance and minimal environmental burden. Challenges such as catalyst stability, scalability, economic feasibility, and real-world implementation are also addressed, along with future prospects for industrial adoption. By analyzing recent research trends and technological innovations, this article underscores the critical role of eco-friendly catalysis in achieving sustainable chemical manufacturing. Overall, the review aims to provide researchers, technologists, and industry practitioners with a clear understanding of the pathways that can accelerate the global transition toward greener and more sustainable chemical transformations.},
        keywords = {Eco-friendly catalysis; Green chemistry; Sustainable chemical transformations; Biocatalysis; Photocatalysis; Organocatalysis; Heterogeneous catalysis; Metal-free catalysts, Solar-driven catalysis; Nanocatalysts; Catalyst recyclability.},
        month = {November},
        }