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@article{189233,
        author = {Mr. Swapnil S. Sanap and Dr. Shital V. Sirsat},
        title = {DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NANOSUSPENSION USING AN ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUG FOR ENHANCED ORAL DELIVERY},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {4876-4883},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=189233},
        abstract = {Antiretroviral therapy remains the cornerstone in the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection; however, the therapeutic success of many antiretroviral drugs is significantly limited by their poor aqueous solubility, low oral bioavailability, and high inter- and intra-patient variability in absorption. A large proportion of antiretroviral agents belong to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II and IV, where dissolution-limited absorption and extensive first-pass metabolism result in suboptimal plasma drug concentrations. These challenges necessitate the development of advanced drug delivery systems capable of enhancing oral absorption while maintaining drug stability and patient compliance. Nanosuspension technology has emerged as a promising and versatile approach to overcome solubility-related limitations associated with conventional oral formulations of antiretroviral drugs. Nanosuspensions are colloidal dispersions of pure drug particles in the nanometer size range, stabilized by suitable surfactants or polymers. Reduction of drug particle size to the nanometric scale significantly increases the surface area, leading to enhanced dissolution rate, improved saturation solubility, and rapid drug release in gastrointestinal fluids. This improvement in dissolution behavior ultimately translates into enhanced oral bioavailability and reduced dose requirements. Unlike other nanocarrier systems, nanosuspensions do not require complex carriers, making them particularly suitable for high drug-loading and scalable manufacturing.This review comprehensively discusses the formulation development and evaluation of nanosuspensions for antiretroviral drug delivery. Various preparation techniques, including top-down approaches such as high-pressure homogenization and media milling, bottom-up methods like antisolvent precipitation, and combination techniques, are critically analyzed with respect to their advantages, limitations, and industrial applicability. The role of formulation components such as stabilizers, surfactants, and solvents in achieving physical stability and optimal particle characteristics is also highlighted.},
        keywords = {Nanosuspension; Antiretroviral drugs; Oral bioavailability enhancement; Nanotechnology-based drug delivery; Poorly water-soluble drugs; Particle size reduction; Dissolution rate enhancement; HIV therapy; Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS); Oral drug delivery systems},
        month = {December},
        }