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@article{191320,
        author = {Vinay Kumar Bhagat},
        title = {BUILDING POLICY FROM PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION AS ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {8},
        pages = {6431-6444},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=191320},
        abstract = {Policy implementation is not a linear act of enforcing prior decisions. It is a dynamic process in which institutions interpret policy demands, negotiate responsibilities and generate new knowledge. This article argues that policy implementation functions as organizational learning in complex public systems. Practice produces information that is not visible in policy design stages. This information includes contextual constraints, patterns of user behaviour, institutional capacity and the culture of work. When systems acknowledge these forms of knowledge they adapt and refine policy instruments. This article develops the concept of building policy from practice using examples from the Indian education sector. It locates implementation within the broader discourse of organizational learning and knowledge creation. It highlights challenges that limit the learning potential of implementation processes. It concludes by discussing implications for teacher education, instituti},
        keywords = {Policy implementation, organizational learning, education reform, teacher education, knowledge creation, public institutions, India},
        month = {January},
        }