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@article{191848,
        author = {Kadagoni Pravalika and Nannapaneni Akshitha and Sai Chandan Kanchari and Vudumu Rama},
        title = {REVIEW ON BIOPRINTING OF TISSUES FOR DRUG TESTING: A PROMISING STRATEGY TO REDUCE ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {8},
        pages = {8257-8261},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=191848},
        abstract = {Animal experimentation has long played a central role in preclinical drug development. However, growing ethical concerns, high costs, and limited ability to accurately predict human responses have highlighted significant shortcomings of animal-based models. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising and transformative technology in pharmaceutical research. This approach enables the fabrication of human-relevant tissue models using living cells combined with biocompatible biomaterials. Bio-printed tissues closely replicate the structural and functional features of native human organs, providing more reliable platforms for drug screening, toxicity assessment, and disease modelling. The application of tissue bioprinting in drug testing offers a practical and ethical alternative to conventional animal models while improving the predictability of human drug responses. This article discusses the fundamentals of tissue bioprinting, its role in pharmaceutical drug testing, advantages over traditional animal experimentation, current limitations, and future perspectives. The increasing adoption of bio-printed tissue models in preclinical research has the potential to redefine ethical, efficient, and human-centered drug development practices.},
        keywords = {Bioprinting, Drug testing, Alternatives to animal models, 3D tissue models, pharmaceutical research},
        month = {January},
        }