Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity: Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Management Strategies

Ms. Shakila S. Shaikh; Mr. Mahesh Subhash Thange; Dr. Ganesh Bhagwat Giri; Ms. Varsha Mahavir Dhulasavant; Mrs.Shinde Punam Madhukar; Mr Vasim Mansur Aparadh

Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity: Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Management Strategies

Authors: Ms. Shakila S. Shaikh, Mr. Mahesh Subhash Thange, Dr. Ganesh Bhagwat Giri, Ms. Varsha Mahavir Dhulasavant, Mrs.Shinde Punam Madhukar, Mr Vasim Mansur Aparadh

Unique Paper ID: 173782
Volume: 11
Issue: 10
PageNo: 1514-1520

Keywords: Drug-induced hypersensitivity adverse drug reactions immune-mediated reactions pharmacogenomics desensitization risk factors management strategies.

Abstract:
Drug-induced hypersensitivity (DIH) is an adverse immune-mediated reaction to pharmaceutical agents, posing significant challenges in clinical practice. These reactions range from mild skin rashes to severe conditions such as anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The underlying mechanisms of DIH involve both immunological pathways—classified under Type I to Type IV hypersensitivity—and non-immunologic reactions. Genetic predisposition, drug metabolism, environmental factors, and previous drug exposures contribute to the risk of developing hypersensitivity. Several drug classes, including antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anticonvulsants, and biologics, are commonly implicated in hypersensitivity reactions. Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, skin testing, and in vitro assays. Management strategies involve immediate drug discontinuation, symptomatic treatment, desensitization protocols, and alternative medication selection. Advances in pharmacogenomics hold promise for personalized medicine, enabling predictive screening to minimize adverse drug reactions. This review comprehensively explores the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for drug-induced hypersensitivity, highlighting emerging trends and future directions in hypersensitivity prevention and treatment.

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ISSN: 2349-6002
Volume: 11
Issue: 10
PageNo: 1514-1520

Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity: Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Management Strategies

Available:https://ijirt.org/Article?manuscript=173782

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