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@article{179244,
        author = {Ms. Nadiya Shuja and Ms. Tejasvi Singh},
        title = {Hydrogels And Their Medical Applications},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {12},
        pages = {5938-5945},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=179244},
        abstract = {Biomaterials are essential for many biomedical applications, such as scaffolds that support guided tissue growth, therapeutic and diagnostic devices, drug delivery systems, and engineered tissue substitutes. Of the various classes of biomaterials, including metals, ceramics, natural tissues, and polymers, hydrogels are particularly promising because they are hydrophilic polymeric gels that are known for their biocompatibility and ability to interact with living tissues, particularly when synthesized using ionizing radiation.
Since the early 1950s, when pioneers in polymer radiation chemistry started investigating radiation crosslinking of hydrophilic polymers, radiation has been used to create hydrogels. Initial research primarily focused on understanding the underlying mechanisms of radiation synthesis, network topology, and the influence of radiation parameters. A. Chapiro's Radiation Chemistry of Polymeric Systems (Interscience, New York, 1962) and A. Charlesby's Atomic Radiation and Polymers (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1960) are seminal publications in this topic. Due to the work of American and Japanese researchers, such as Hoffman in the US and Kaetsu in Japan, there was a noticeable increase in interest in the biomedical uses of radiation-processed hydrogels in the late 1960s. Through their efforts, hydrogels for the immobilization of physiologically active compounds, drug delivery systems, enzyme entrapment, and surface changes to improve antigen-antibody interactions and biocompatibility were developed.
The principles and dynamics of radiation-induced hydrogel formation are briefly reviewed in this article along with successful commercialization examples of hydrogel biomaterials.},
        keywords = {Hydrogels; Ionizing radiation; Biomaterials; Polymers.},
        month = {May},
        }