Copyright © 2025 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{187917,
        author = {Mr . Varad S. Sakhare and Mr. Shubham S. Vaidya},
        title = {A Comprehensive Review on Diabetes Mellitus},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {43-52},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=187917},
        abstract = {Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a rapidly increasing global health challenge marked by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from insufficient insulin production, impaired insulin action, or both. The global prevalence continues to rise, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality. DM is broadly categorized into type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes, each with distinct etiological and pathological profiles. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to characteristic manifestations such as polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia and may progress to severe complications affecting the cardiovascular, renal, ocular, and nervous systems.
Although pharmacotherapy—insulin and various oral hypoglycemic agents—remains central to treatment, limitations such as adverse effects and lifelong dependency have promoted interest in alternative therapeutic approaches, including herbal medicines. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, classification, pathogenesis, complications, and therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus.},
        keywords = {Diabetes mellitus, Insulin resistance, Autoimmune, Gestational diabetes, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemic agents, Monogenic diabetes.},
        month = {November},
        }