Copyright © 2026 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{209802,
        author = {Dr. Amruta Dadaraje Giramkar and Dr Atul Babasaheb Tupe},
        title = {Karnanada (Tinnitus): Current Evidence and Future Directions},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {5},
        pages = {3559-3562},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=209802},
        abstract = {Karnanada is described in Ayurvedic literature as a disorder of the ear characterized by the perception of various abnormal sounds. In contemporary medicine, tinnitus refers to the perception of sound without a corresponding external acoustic stimulus. The perceived sounds may be described as ringing, buzzing, humming, whistling, or hissing. The Ayurvedic understanding of Karnanada is primarily based on classical descriptions of Karna Roga, particularly the role of Vata Dosha and its involvement in Shabdavaha Srotas. Modern literature, in contrast, explains tinnitus through auditory-system dysfunction and changes in central auditory processing. Reviewing these two knowledge systems provides a conceptual basis for understanding Karnanada while recognizing that their explanatory frameworks are not directly equivalent. Classical Ayurvedic literature discusses treatment principles for Karna Roga according to the nature of the disorder and the involvement of Doshas. Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya provide a traditional framework emphasizing Vata Dosha and the involvement of Shabdavaha Srotas. Modern literature describes tinnitus as a heterogeneous auditory perceptual phenomenon associated with several possible underlying conditions and mechanisms.},
        keywords = {Current Evidences, Karnanada, Karna Roga, tinnitus, Vata Dosha.},
        month = {October},
        }