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@article{184860,
        author = {SURABHI MOUNIKA and G MAHENDRA},
        title = {Architectural Foundations and Operational Paradigms of Wireless Sensor Networks},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {4},
        pages = {3251-3256},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=184860},
        abstract = {Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a significant research domain due to their vast applications in environmental monitoring, military surveillance, healthcare, industrial automation, and smart infrastructure. A WSN typically consists of a large number of sensor nodes deployed in a distributed manner to sense physical or environmental parameters such as temperature, pressure, light, and humidity. These nodes cooperatively transmit the collected data to a base station through wireless communication. However, the constrained energy resources of sensor nodes, their limited computational capacity, and the dynamic nature of deployment environments pose critical challenges in the design and implementation of WSNs. The fundamental objective is to achieve reliable communication while minimizing energy consumption to extend the network lifetime. Various strategies, including clustering mechanisms, energy-efficient routing protocols, and power-aware communication models, have been proposed to address these issues. This section provides an in-depth discussion on the architecture, functionality, challenges, and energy optimization techniques in WSNs, highlighting their importance in modern research and real-world applications.},
        keywords = {Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN, sensor nodes, energy efficiency, clustering, routing protocols, base station, environmental monitoring, power consumption, network lifetime, wireless communication, data aggregation, proactive sensing, reactive sensing, optimization models},
        month = {September},
        }