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@article{207898,
        author = {P.Naga Chandrika and A. Amrutha Varshini and A. Divya and D. Navya Sree and Dr. P. Neeraja},
        title = {FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AZELAIC ACID TRANSETHOSOMAL GEL TO TREAT HYPERPIGMENTATION},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {3},
        pages = {3214-3219},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=207898},
        abstract = {Hyperpigmentation encompasses a group of common dermatological disorders characterized by excessive melanin deposition, resulting in conditions such as melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and solar lentigines. Despite the availability of numerous topical depigmenting therapies, their clinical efficacy is frequently compromised by the limited permeability of the stratum corneum, poor drug retention, low bioavailability, and undesirable adverse effects associated with prolonged use. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of transethosomal gel systems, which have emerged as promising carriers for enhancing topical drug delivery. Transethosomes are highly deformable lipid vesicles composed of phospholipids, ethanol, and edge activators that facilitate improved penetration through the skin barrier while maintaining drug stability and controlled release. Incorporation of these vesicles into gel formulations further enhances viscosity, spreadability, skin adherence, and patient acceptability, making them particularly suitable for long-term dermatological therapy. This review summarizes recent developments in transethosomal gel technology with a focus on its application in the topical management of hyperpigmentation. It discusses formulation strategies, mechanisms of enhanced skin permeation, physicochemical characterization, and critical evaluation parameters influencing formulation performance. The advantages of transethosomal gels over conventional topical formulations, including improved dermal penetration, sustained drug release, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, reduced systemic exposure, and better patient compliance, are critically examined. Furthermore, current challenges related to large-scale manufacturing, formulation stability, regulatory considerations, and clinical translation are discussed. Overall, transethosomal gel technology represents a versatile and innovative platform with significant potential to improve topical treatment outcomes for hyperpigmentation and to support the future development of advanced dermatological therapies.},
        keywords = {Transethosomes; Transethosomal gel, Hyperpigmentation. Topical drug delivery, and Nanotechnology.},
        month = {August},
        }